In this episode, we review the largest trial of double sequential external defibrillation (DSED) and vector change (VC) defibrillation for refractory ventricular fibrillation (VFib): Cheskes S, Verbeek PR, Drennan IR, et al. Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(21):1947-1956.

Show notes, references, & infographics: FOAMcast.org

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Jeremy Faust & Lauren Westafer

The American College of Cardiology released a new consensus statement endorsing several signs on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as "STEMI Equivalents." In this podcast, we review these signs.

Show notes / graphics / references: FOAMcast.org

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Lauren Westafer

Since 2010, the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have de-emphasized pulse checks - such that they recommend against routine pulse checks. Despite this recommendation, may individuals and institutions continue to perform pulse checks. This episode reviews the recommendations and the literature.

References/show notes: FOAMcast.org

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Lauren Westafer

There is a global outbreak of human monkeypox virus cases. In this episode we provide a quick summary of monkeypox to date. Check out our two more in-depth episodes on the topic. 

References/Show notes: FOAMcast.org

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Jeremy Faust & Lauren Westafer

There is a global outbreak of human monkeypox virus cases. In this episode (the second of a 2 part series), we summarize clinical manifestations, complications, and vaccination. 

References/Show notes: FOAMcast.org

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Jeremy Faust & Lauren Westafer

There is a global outbreak of human monkeypox virus cases. In this episode (the first of a 2 part series), we summarize some brief virology, epidemiology, and review the transmission of this virus. 

References/Show notes: FOAMcast.org

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Jeremy Faust & Lauren Westafer

We review the Anorectal emergencies: WSES-AAST guidelines on complicated hemorrhoids that include some practice-changers

References: FOAMcast.org

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Lauren Westafer

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and other first-generation antihistamines are commonly used, despite decades of data that there are safer and effective alternatives.  In this podcast, we review the guidelines / data behind common indications.

References at FOAMcast.org

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Lauren Westafer

In this episode we review acute urticaria and new guidelines related to the treatment of urticaria. We review additional relevant trials Palungwachira et al and Barniol et al. 

References/Show notes: FOAMcast.org

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Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

In this podcast we discuss onset of action of various intramuscular agents for chemical sedation for severely agitated patients. This includes a study by Barbic et al on ketamine, the onset of action of midazolam (and association with length of stay), and is droperidol really magic? (Cole et al) 

Shownotes/References: FOAMcast.org

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Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

Outpatient management of pulmonary embolism for low-risk patients has been encouraged for several years. However, little is known about pulmonary embolism diagnosed and managed exclusively in the outpatient setting. In this study, Vinson et al describe the course of patients diagnosed with PE and managed in the outpatient setting in an integrated healthcare delivery system.

Shownotes/References: FOAMcast.org

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Lauren Westafer

The diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary embolism (PE) has evolved over the past few years to include probability or risk-adjusted D-dimer. The YEARS algorithm includes an elevated D-dimer threshold for some risk groups and has been found to be safe and reduce imaging in several studies, including in pregnant patients. Now, this multicenter trial by Freund et al evaluates use of YEARS and age-adjusted D-dimer compared with an age-adjusted approach alone.

Shownotes/References: FOAMcast.org

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Lauren Westafer

A seminal single-center study in 2018 by Driver et al found a 98% first-pass success in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation in the Emergency Department. This multi-center randomized control trial examines bougie vs stylet in a wider array of settings

Show notes/references: FOAMcast.org

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Lauren Westafer