We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

We review the RECOVERY trial results on dexamethasone for COVID-19 [pre-print by Hornby et al]

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

We explore effects of sterilization and re-use on N95s and KN95s efficiency and fit

Sterilization of N95s and KN95s with Hydrogen Peroxide and Chlorine Dioxide (Cai et al)

Extended use/reuse of N95 and fit test failure (Degesys et al) 

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded June 19, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode we discuss data on when SARS-CoV-2 began being detected in US communities  (Jorden et al)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded June 9, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode we discuss some of the mental health ramifications of COVID-19 and the lockdowns:

US ED visits for mental health (Smalley et al)

Mental health of children during lockdown Xie et al

Psychological distress in US adults (McGinty et al)

Mood and violence in Chinese interns (Li et al)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded June 9, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In an update to the Convalsecent plasma episode we now cover the first RCT on the topic, Li et al

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded June 4, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode reviews a study published by Mehra et al in the Lancet with concerning methods and data anomalies, leading to the possibility and likelihood of falsified data. This came to light after an open letter by Watson et al  detailing major issues. The Lancet issued a correction, which did not address many of the major issues and resulted in significant changes to Table S3 in the supplement. Concerningly, this group also authored the NEJM study on ACE-I/ARBs in COVID-19. 

Note: This is an evolving story

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded June 1, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode reviews a study published by Goldman et al dissecting a study on remdesivir - 5 day vs 10 day course.

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 30, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode reviews a study published by Wang et al that received incredible press coverage for touting benefits of mask wearing in one's own home....if it started prior to symptoms. This study is problematic, and we discuss why.

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 29, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode reviews the NIAID trial, ACTT-1, on remdesivir vs placebo (Beigel et al)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 23, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode reviews an article by Groß et al that demonstrates SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be found in breastmilk

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 22, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19. *Our understanding of COVID-19 is rapidly developing and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode reviews an article by Peyrony et al examining the performance of symptoms, physical exam findings, and ultrasound on the probability of COVID-19.

We also go into a bit of an interlude on likelihood ratios

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 22, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode is a literature potpourri 

• Outcomes in pregnancy (Knight et al - pre-print).
• Are EMS calls for strokes and STEMIs down during the pandemic? Holmes et al
• More pediatric hyperinflammatory /Kawasaki-esque cases from Italy Verdoni et al
• More Kawasaki Disease in Paris. (Toubiana et al)
• Aerosol boxes for intubation (Begley et al)
• Genomic sequencing reveals healthcare associated clusters (Meredith et al)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 15, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Associated with COVID-19 , including the study published in the Lancet by Riphagen et al

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 6, 2020

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 9, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses convalescent plasma, specifically a recent systematic review by Rajendran et al

• Shen et al
• Zhang et al
• Ye et al
• Ahn et al
• Duan et al
• Biegel et al (influenza A RCT)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 6, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses antibody testing including

• IDSA Antibody Testing Primer
• Crook et al [MedRxIv pre-print]
• FIND.org compilation and external assessment of tests
• Zhao et al 

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded May 2, 2020

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses an article by Baldi et al on excess mortality and Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.29.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 including "COVID toes"

• Recalcati
• Manalo
• Duong et al
• Nieto
• Piccolo et al
• Alrantham  et al
• Kolivras et al

And the more serious lesions

• Zhang et al
• Zhang et al

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.28.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses autopsy findings

• Carsana et al
• Barton et al
• Dolhnikoff et al

and VTE

• Llitjos
• Klok
• Tavazzi
• Grillet
• Obi (H1N1)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.26.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

This episode discusses an article by Caputo et al.   on self proning and oxygenation in COVID-19

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.23.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, Dr. Rory Spiegel (@EMNerd_) and I discuss the "switch" from early intubation to aggressive non-invasive modalities and our respiratory protocols including what we know about the evidence behind...

• Early intubation recommendations
• High flow nasal cannula in COVID-19
• Self/awake proning

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.17.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, we discuss thrombosis and COVID-19, specifically:

• Journal of the American College of Cardiology recommendations for COVID-19 (prophylaxis, anticoagulation, myocardial infarction)
• Bangalore et al in NEJM on ST elevation in COVID-19

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.18.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, we discuss special populations including

• Homeless individuals - Baggett et al 
• Racial disparities - African-Americans / Blacks disproportionately contracting SARS-CoV-2 and dying Yancy CW
• Healthcare workers with COVID-19 Heinzerling et al (CDC) and MMWR and Ng et al

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.17.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, we discuss testing issues

• Asymptomatic obstetric patients in NYC (Sutton et al. )
• Effects of narrow screening criteria (Wee et al)

And hydroxychloroquine updates

• More data without a comparator from the Raoult group (only published as abstract and table)
• Retrospective study with propensity matching (Mahévas et al)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.14.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, we discuss outcomes from NYU

• Petrilli et al [pre-print]

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.12.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, Dr. Rory Spiegel (@EMNerd_) and I discuss risk stratification tools in COVID-19

• Zhou et al.
• Gong et al 

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.10.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, we discuss the NEJM article by Grien et al on the compassionate use of remdesivir in COVID-19 

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.10.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, we are joined by Dr. Rory Spiegel (EMNerd) and discuss what we are seeing in COVID-19 and various theories.

• Atypical ARDS picture

• HAPE: Solaimanzadeh

• Hemoglobinopathy-type of picture: Liu et al

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

*Recorded 4.5.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check back for updates/fact check what you hear*

In this episode, we are joined by Dr. Rory Spiegel (EMNerd) and discuss the ROX index predicting failure of HFNC and any applicability to COVID-19

• Derivation: Roca O, Messika J, Caralt B, et al. Predicting success of high-flow nasal cannula in pneumonia patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure: The utility of the ROX index. J Crit Care. 2016;35:200-5.

• Roca O, Caralt B, Messika J, et al. An Index Combining Respiratory Rate and Oxygenation to Predict Outcome of Nasal High-Flow Therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(11):1368-1376.

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

Recorded 4.5.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

In this episode, we discuss emerging evidence for high flow nasal cannula 

• Wang et al. Ann Intensive Care. 2020 10(37)

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

Recorded 4.3.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

In this episode, we discuss the theory (there is no great evidence) of hypercoagulability in severe COVID-19

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

Recorded 4.2.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

In this episode, we cover

• The Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS) / Algorithm 
• ICU outcomes in Washington State - Bhatraju et al.

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

Recorded 3.31.20

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

Recorded 3.30.20

In this episode, we cover

• Awake proning: Sun et al and Ding et al
• Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycine update: Gautret et al.
• Neonatal update: Zeng et al.

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

Recorded 3.28.20

In this episode, we cover

• Air samples from hallways and rooms contain SARS-CoV-2 [Santarpia et al - Pre-print]
• Convalescent plasma for the treatment of COVID-19 [Shen et al - JAMA]

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

Recorded 3.27.20

In this episode, we cover

• Vertical transmission in pregnancy
• High flow nasal cannula with a mask

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

Recorded 3.25.20

In this episode, we cover

• Incubation period
• Disease timeline
• Viral shedding
• Re-infection

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

Recorded 3.23.20

In this episode, we cover

• Anosmia / dysgeusia
• Gastrointestinal symptoms
• Policy updates

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

In this episode, we cover

• Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (including stability on surfaces / aerosols)
• Cloth masks - do they work?
• UV light decontamination

Recorded 3.22.20

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

In this episode, we cover

• High flow nasal cannula in COVID-19
• Cytokine storm
• Asymptomatic transmission and Ro of Sars-CoV2

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks. So, check us*

In this episode, we cover the Society of Critical Care Medicine, Surviving Sepsis Guidelines for COVID-19

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We interrupt our normal FOAMcast episodes to bring you updates from COVID-19, as literature develops. *Things change frequently and this may be out of date in days/weeks.

In this episode we review:

• guidance for pregnant and breastfeeding patients and healthcare workers
• experimental treatments that are all the craze: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir

Show notes: FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening!
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We are going to try to bring you updates regarding COVID-19 on a regular basis. These podcasts will likely be out of date in a few days, so check back for updates.

This episode features:

• Co-infections (extended respiratory panel positive and positive for Sars-CoV-20
• Epidemiology of pediatric infections
• Ibuprofen and ACE-inhibitor use

Recorded 3.18.20

Thanks for listening,

Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We review the evaluation and management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) as well as the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) / American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2019 guidelines for CAP.

Shownotes and references at FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover some top articles of 2019, including the following: 

Roc vs Sux:  Guihard B et al. Effect of rocuronium vs succinylcholine on endotracheal intubation success rate among patients undergoing out-of-hospital rapid sequence intubation: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2019 Dec 17; 322:2303. (https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.18254)

Targeted Temperature Management after Cardiac Arrest: Lascarrou JB, Merdji H, Le gouge A, et al. Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest with Nonshockable Rhythm. N Engl J Med. 2019.

Pulmonary Embolism - a new D-dimer cut off Kearon C, De wit K, Parpia S, et al. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism with d-Dimer Adjusted to Clinical Probability. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(22):2125-2134.

Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy: Van der pol LM, Tromeur C, Bistervels IM, et al. Pregnancy-Adapted YEARS Algorithm for Diagnosis of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1139-1149.

TXA in head injury The CRASH-3 Trial Collaborators. Effects of Tranexamic Acid on Death, Disability, Vascular Occlusive Events and Other Morbidities in Patients with Acute Traumatic Brain Injury (CRASH-3): A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Lancet 2019

The VITAMINS trial by Fujii et al has been published in JAMA and provides insight into the performance of the "metabolic cocktail" (Vitamin C + thiamine + hydrocortisone) in ICU patients with septic shock. We review this trial in the context of prior literature.

Show notes and references at FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We review the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) clinical policy on headache from June 2019, most of which revolves around the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. 

Show notes and references at FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We are at ACEP 2019 in Denver and do a deep dive on a topic introduced by Bryan Hayes (@PharmERToxGuy) in a talk on black boxed medications used in the ED.

We review the data underlying the FDA warning for olanzapine and benzodiazepines.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

In this episode covering the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) 2019, we cover common black box warnings including

• fluoroquinolones
• midazolam
• droperidol
• NSAIDs
• and more

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We are at ACEP 2019 in Denver and cover pearls from interesting lectures. Today, that included concussion and VP shunts.

Vaping associated lung injury (VALI) has become a frequent topic in the news in the United States (US). In this episode we review the epidemiology, presumed pathophysiology, and new recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the US.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

FOAMcast.org

References:

1. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2019; 68(40)
2. Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, et al. Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. 2019; Sept 6.
3. Maddock SD, Cirulis MM, Callahan SJ, et al. Pulmonary Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Vaping. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1488-1489.

In this episode we briefly review hyperkalemia and the principles of emergent treatment. Then we explore, in-depth, the role of insulin and dextrose including the incidence of hypoglycemia and pearls to reduce this side effect.

Pearls:

• 10-20% of patients treated with insulin/dextrose for hyperkalemia get hypoglycemic
• Consider giving 5 units insulin instead of 10 units
• Check the glucose for hours (dextrose lasts <1 hr, insulin lasts ≥2 hours)
• Beware of insulin in patients with renal insufficiency or with near normal starting glucose.

Thanks for listening!
Lauren

We discuss the US Food & Drug Administration's black box warning for droperidol and the evidence behind this warning.

We then discuss the use of butyrophenones such as droperidol and haloperidol for the treatment of agitation, headaches, nausea and vomiting, and gastroparesis/cannabinoid hyperemesis.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer 

We discuss the coagulation test thromboelastography (TEG) / Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM), reviewing the evidence behind the use of the tests as well as the clinical implications.

Show notes and graphics FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

In this episode, we discuss important and "hot" articles thus far in 2019. These articles include:

• Testing for pulmonary embolism in pregnant patients

  • Van der pol LM, Tromeur C, Bistervels IM, et al. Pregnancy-Adapted YEARS Algorithm for Diagnosis of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1139-1149.

    Langlois E, Cusson-dufour C, Moumneh T, et al. Could the YEARS algorithm be used to exclude pulmonary embolism during pregnancy? Data from the CT-PE-pregnancy study. J Thromb Haemost. 2019; In Press

• Asymptomatic bacteriuria guidelines from the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)
  • Nicolle LE, Gupta K, Bradley SF, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: 2019 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2019.
• Dosing of benzodiazepines in seizures
  • Sathe AG, Tillman C, Coles LD, et al. Underdosing of benzodiazepines in patients with status epilepticus enrolled in Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2019 Jun 4.
• Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in trauma patients
  • Joseph B et al. Nationwide analysis of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in civilian trauma. JAMA Surg 2019. Mar 20.
• Mortality following opioid overdose
  • Weiner SG, Baker O, Bernson D, Schuur JD. One-Year Mortality of Patients After Emergency Department Treatment for Nonfatal Opioid Overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 2019; In Press

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We review the entity formally known as pseudoseizures and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), now referred to as psychogenic non-epileptic attacks (PNEA). 

We discuss the history of PNEA as well as relevant literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this entity.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We review myths and reality in the management of patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) 

• Are these patients typically opioid seeking? (No)
• If the patient appears comfortable I should withhold proper analgesia. (No).
• Should IV fluids be a routine part of the cocktail for vaso-occlusive pain episodes? (No)

We also review common emergencies in sickle cell disease that include

• Infections
• Acute chest syndrome
• Anemia (Aplastic crisis, splenic sequestration)
• Ischemia
  • Strokes
  • Avascular necrosis
  • Renal, pulmonary, splenic infarctions
• Vaso-occlusive pain episodes

Thanks for listening!
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We are at #SMACC in Sydney, Australia, thanks to the Rosh Review, delivering updates from the conference to your earbuds.

Advocacy in Emergency Medicine - Esther Choo and Hugh Montgomery

Mechanical CPR vs Manual CPR - Ken Milne vs Salim Rezaie

Super sick massive GI bleeds and balloon tamponade - Sara Gray

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

 We are at SMACC in Sydney, Australia, thanks to the Rosh Review, delivering updates from the conference to your earbuds. Today we cover resuscitation pearls.

Bougie vs Standard Stylet in emergency department (ED) rapid sequence intubation (RSI) - Brian Driver vs Rich Levitan

Rocuronium vs Succinylcholine Debate - Billy Mallon and Reuben Strayer

The Crashing Asthmatic - Haney Mallemat

Thanks for listening!

Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We are at #smacc in Australia thanks to the Rosh Review!

The opening session this morning was amazing and we can't do it justice on the podcast. Gill Hicks (@MadForPeace), a victim in the July 7, 2005 bombing attack on a London train spoke on how impactful everyone in the healthcare delivery system can be (from medics to detectives to nurses to physical therapists to physicians). Dr. Dara Kass delivered a powerful talk on vulnerability, responsibility, and lack of knowledge even in a super health care literate individual.....what it means to be a provider and a patient (and a mom and a medical home for the family and a wife) in her story of donating part of her liver to her son.

David Carr on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

 Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common cause of encephalitis in young people (<30 years old), with an average age of ~20. We review the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We co-hosted (with John Vassiliadis) the SMACC EM Updates half-day conference. We had amazing speakers. Salim Rezaie spoke on TXA for Everything, Ken Milne spoke on hot papers from 2018, and we learned about when ultrasound may be helpful in pediatric lumbar punctures. In addition, Jeremy spoke on what is usual care in sepsis and Lauren spoke on pulmonary embolism: the next generation. In this short podcast we highlight some of our other talks.

Aidan Baron (@Aidan_Baron) on Prehospital Updates in Cardiac Arrest

This talk focused on focusing on things that are most likely to make a difference in OHCA (bystander CPR and defibrillation) rather than on fun interventions like intubation and adrenaline (epinephrine). Aidan suggests that the future debates and questions in OHCA will be largely philosophical - what outcomes do we care about: neuro intact survival or ROSC or survival? 

1. Jabre P, Penaloza A, Pinero D, et al. Effect of bag-mask ventilation vs endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest a randomized clinical trial. JAMA -2018;319(8):779–87.
2. Benger JR, Kirby K, Black S, et al. Effect of a Strategy of a Supraglottic Airway Device vs Tracheal Intubation During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest on Functional Outcome: The AIRWAYS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018;320(8):779-791.
3. Wang HE, Schmicker RH, Daya MR, et al. Effect of a Strategy of Initial Laryngeal Tube Insertion vs Endotracheal Intubation on 72-Hour Survival in Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018;320(8):769-778

Barbra Backus on the future of the HEART score

Modified Heart Score (redefining the T or troponin based on newer assays) results in a NPV of 99.8% and classifies 48% of patients as low-risk.

Clinically Relevant Adverse Cardiac Events (CRACE) is way less common than major adverse cardiac events (MACE). HEART score of ≤3 ? CRACE is 0.05%

Hot Literature in 2019

1. Lemkes JS, Janssens GN, van der Hoeven NW, et al. Coronary Angiography after Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation. N Engl J Med. 2019;NEJMoa1816897
2. Pluymaekers NAHA, Dudink EAMP, Luermans JGLM, et al. Early or Delayed Cardioversion in Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med .2019;NEJMoa1900353.

We have previously podcasted on tachyarrythmias (Episode 34 Tachyarrhythmias), but in this episode, we focus specifically on the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia  (SVT),  specifically paroxysmal SVT.

We discuss the treatment options of adenosine and calcium channel blockers, weighing in with the evidence, the guidelines, and some opinion.

Thanks for listening!
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

Thanks to Figure 1 for supporting this episode. We do not make money off of this podcast, this support is just for operational costs associated with the podcast.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently released another warning for fluoroquinolones, this time regarding aortic dissection and aneurysm.  We review the evidence behind this warning, including the following studies:

Lee CC  Risk of Aortic Dissection and Aortic Aneurysm in Patients Taking Oral Fluoroquinolone. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(11):1839-47.

Lee CC Oral Fluoroquinolone and the Risk of Aortic Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(12):1369-1378.

Pasternak B Fluoroquinolone use and risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2018;360:k678.

We then review the ACEP clinical policy on aortic dissection covering risk scores, d-dimers, and management of aortic dissection

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover the clinical policy from the American College of Emergency Physicians - Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes

In adult patients without evidence of ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, can initial risk stratification be used to predict a low rate of 30-day major adverse cardiac events?

• Use HEART score ≤3 

In adult patients with suspected acute non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes, can troponin testing within 3 hours of emergency department presentation be used to predict a low rate of 30-day major adverse cardiac events?

• Negative conventional troponins at 0,3 hrs in low risk patients
• High sensitivity troponin: undetectable initial troponin, no need for another. Negative initial troponin, repeat at 2 hours

In adult patients with suspected acute non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes in whom acute myocardial infarction has been excluded, does further diagnostic testing (eg, provocative, stress test, computed tomography [CT] angiography) for acute coronary syndrome prior to discharge reduce 30-day major adverse cardiac events?

• No need to get provocative testing before discharge or within particular time frame

Should adult patients with acute non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction receive immediate antiplatelet therapy in addition to aspirin to reduce 30-day major adverse cardiac events?

• antiplatelet therapy additional to aspirin can be given or delayed

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We discuss Medicated Assisted Treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) including buprenorphine initiated from the emergency department.

This show was sponsored by Figure 1, a free open access application for providers using images and cases

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

References:

1. Berg ML, Idrees U, Ding R, Nesbit SA, Liang HK, and McCarthy ML. Evaluation of the use of buprenorphine for opioid withdrawal in an emergency department. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;86(2-3):239-44. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.014.
2. Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD00220
3. Pierce M, Bird SM, Hickman M, Marsden J, Dunn G, Jones A, and Millar T. Impact of treatment for opioid dependence on fatal drug-related poisoning: a national cohort study in England. Addiction. 2016;111(2):298-308. doi:10.1111/add.13193.
4. Clark RE, Samnaliev M, Baxter JD, and Leung GY. The evidence doesn't justify steps by state Medicaid programs to restrict opioid addiction treatment with buprenorphine. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(8):1425-33. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0532
5. Martin SA, Chiodo LM, Bosse JD, Wilson A. The Next Stage of buprenorphine Care for Opioid Use disorder. Annal of Internal Medicine

 The Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM) world is often obsessed with magnesium. In this show we address the use of magnesium for various applications.

Magnesium for Acute Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response (RVR)

1. Bouida et al. LOw dose MAGnesium sulfate versus HIgh dose in the early management of rapid atrial fibrillation: randomised controlled double blind study. Acad Emerg Med. 2018 Jul 19.
2. Ho KM, Sheridan DJ, Paterson T. Use of intravenous magnesium to treat acute onset atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Heart. 2007;93(11):1433-40.
3. Davey MJ, Teubner D. A randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate, in addition to usual care, for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45(4):347-53.

Magnesium for Migraine

1. Corbo J, Esses D, Bijur PE, Iannaccone R, Gallagher EJ. Randomized clinical trial of intravenous magnesium sulfate as an adjunctive medication for emergency department treatment of migraine headache. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38(6):621–7.
2. Bigal ME, Bordini CA, Tepper SJ, Speciali JG. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in the acute treatment of migraine without aura and migraine with aura. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2002;22(5):345-53.
3. 1Cete Y, Dora B, Ertan C, Ozdemir C, Oktay C. A randomized prospective placebo-controlled study of intravenous magnesium sulphate vs. metoclopramide in the management of acute migraine attacks in the Emergency Department. Cephalalgia. 2005;25(3):199–204.
4. Shahrami A, Assarzadegan F, Hatamabadi HR, Asgarzadeh M, Sarehbandi B, Asgarzadeh S. Comparison of therapeutic effects of magnesium sulfate vs. dexamethasone/metoclopramide on alleviating acute migraine headache. J Emerg Med. 2015;48(1):69–76.
5. Orr SL, Friedman BW, Christie S, Minen MT, Bamford C, Kelley NE, et al. Management of Adults with Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies. Headache. 2016;56(6):911–40.

Magnesium for Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Griffiths B, Kew KM. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD011050.
Kew KM, Kirtchuk L, Michell CI. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(5):CD010909.

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

In this episode we highlight key articles in Emergency Medicine that came out, thus far, in 2018.

D'souza et al. Effects of prophylactic anticholinergic medications to decrease extrapyramidal side effects in patients taking acute antiemetic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis Emerg Med J. 2018;35(5):325-331.

Driver et al. Effect of Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube and Stylet on First-Attempt Intubation Success Among Patients With Difficult Airways Undergoing Emergency Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018;319(21):2179-2189.

Atkinson PR, Milne J, Diegelmann L, et al. Does Point-of-Care Ultrasonography Improve Clinical Outcomes in Emergency Department Patients With Undifferentiated Hypotension? An International Randomized Controlled Trial From the SHoC-ED Investigators. Ann Emerg Med. 2018; In press.

Perkins GD et al. A Randomized Trial of Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:711-721

Meltzer et al. Effect of Tamsulosin on Passage of Symptomatic Ureteral Stones: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Aug 1;178(8):1051-1057

Kabrhel et al Multicenter Evaluation of the YEARS Criteria in Emergency Department Patients Evaluated for Pulmonary Embolism. Acad Emerg Med. 2018;25(9):987-994

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We bring you pearls from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) 2018 Scientific Assembly in San Diego, CA.

In this episode we highlight:

• Myths in diagnostic imaging
  • Torsion ultrasound is insensitive
  • CTPA for PE is not perfect. There are false positives AND false negatives
• Myths in pediatrics
  • Response to antipyretics does NOT make viral infection more likely
  • Juice in kids with gastroenteritis is a great way to rehydrate them
  • Kids don't have to wait 24 hours on antibiotics for strep throat before returning to school, if they got 50 mg/kg amoxicillin prior to 5pm the night before, they're fine

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We bring you pearls from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) 2018 Scientific Assembly in San Diego, CA.

In this episode we highlight:

• Problems with CYA (Cover your a$$) medicine such as admissions
• Problems with lactate, procalcitonin, and other biomarkers

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We bring you pearls from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) 2018 Scientific Assembly in San Diego, CA.

In this episode we highlight:

• Severe pediatric brain injury, tips for management and preventing badness
• Aortic dissection diagnostics
• Chest tube pearls

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover a JAMA Clinical Reviews podcast on lyme disease, including some myth-busters.

*Doxycycline can be used, safely, in kids < 8 years old

*Testing for lyme is a mess because : (1) we test patients with ultra low probability of disease (2) we test patients who shouldn't be tested (i.e. have erythema migrans) (3) the tests are a pain to interpret

*Lyme disease is spreading further south and west in the US, into Canada, and it's also increasingly found in Europe.

We then delve into core content for Rosen's, Tintinalli, and the IDSA 2006 guidelines.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

FOAMcast.org

We review the American Urological Association guidelines on penile fracture and priapism. We supplement this with core content from Tintinalli and Rosen's Emergency Medicine.

We review one of the editors top picks from Annals of Emergency Medicine, which are free for 6 months from issue release.  The article covered in this podcast is Waldman et al, is a study of tetracaine in corneal abrasions.

We also review commonly encountered corneal emergencies:

Corneal abrasions

Corneal ulcers

and herpes keratoconjunctivitis.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

Show notes at FOAMcast.org

We cover the 2017 IDSA/SHEA guidelines on clostridium difficile (c diff).

We then review core content on c diff including risk stratification and treatment using Rosen's and Tintinalli as guides.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

Workup for pulmonary embolism (PE) is common (perhaps too common) in the United States. The American College of Emergency Physicians has released a clinical policy on pulmonary embolism. We cover this policy as well as core content on PE risk stratification and "rule out"

Thanks for listening,
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover the emergency department care of lactating patients including

Medications during breastfeeding - who should "pump and dump"? (spoiler: very few people, check LactMed or InfantRisk)

Mastitis & Breast Abscesses

Emergency Department Support

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

Show notes at FOAMcast.org

We have a special April 1st show - the Faust-Westafer Central Theorem of Emergency Medicine. Listen for details

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We review select articles from 2017 that are important or that got people talking including:

Sadeghirad B et al. Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;358:j3887.

Barniol et al.Levocetirizine and Prednisone Are Not Superior to Levocetirizine Alone for the Treatment of Acute Urticaria: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;71(1):125-131.e1

Wilson SS, Kwiatkowski GM, Millis SR, Purakal JD, Mahajan AP, Levy PD. Use of nitroglycerin by bolus prevents intensive care unit admission in patients with acute hypertensive heart failure. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(1):126-131.

Hu et al  Variability in Interpretation of Cardiac Standstill Among Physician Sonographers. Ann Emerg Med. 2017 Sep 1. S0196-0644(17)31376-8

Clattenburg et al Point-of-care ultrasound use in patients with cardiac arrest is associated prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation pauses: A prospective cohort study. Resuscitation. 2018;122:65-68.

Hinson JS et al. Risk of Acute Kidney Injury After Intravenous Contrast Media Administration. Ann Emerg Med. 2017

Healey CD et al. Asymptomatic cervical spine fractures: Current guidelines can fail older patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;83(1):119-125.

Crowell et al. Accuracy of Computed Tomography Imaging Criteria in the Diagnosis of Adult Open Globe Injuries by Neuroradiology and Ophthalmology. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(9):1072-1079.

Talan et al. Subgroup Analysis of Antibiotic Treatment for Skin Abscesses. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;71(1):21-30.

We tackle some free open access medical education from the CDC on the flu vaccine, including:

• Recommendations that individuals with any severity of egg allergy (including anaphylaxis) receive the flu vaccine. The only modification that needs to occur is patients with a history of true anaphylaxis to eggs should be given the flu shot in a setting where they can be monitored by a healthcare professional if needed (i.e. a doctor's office).
• It is very unlikely that the flu vaccine causes Guillan-Barre Syndrome (GBS). If there is any increase as a result of the flu shot, it is 1-2 in 1,000,000.

We then dive into CDC recommendations on oseltamivir as well as contradictory data from the most recent Cochrane review.

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

Over at the Pulmcrit blog, Dr. Josh Farkas has proposed the use of phenobarbital monotherapy for the treatment of ethanol withdrawal and we cover this protocol.

We then dive into core content alcohol withdrawal using Rosen’s Emergency Medicine (9th ed) Chapter 142 , Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine (8th ed) Chapter 292, and Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies (10th ed) Chapter 81  as guides.

Thanks for listening,

Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We discuss ultrasound diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum using a podcast from 5MinSono.

Then we delve into core content on gastritis, PUD, and helicobacter pylori using Rosen's Ch 78 and Tintinalli's Ch 79 as guides.

Thank for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM) on mass casualty incidents, an unfortunate reality in the current United States climate (and elsewhere).  There is a must read (truly, emergency providers really should read this) in EP Monthly by Dr.Kevin Menes, “How One Las Vegas ED Saved Hundreds of Lives After the Worst Mass Shooting in U.S. History”. He details his process in running the Emergency Department that evening.

We cover pearls from other great resources include a post on the St. Emlyn's blog, "Mass Casualty Incidents: Lessons from the AAST" and a free EBMedicine article on ballistic injuries

Core Content: Chapter 192 Rosen's, Chapter 5 Tintinalli - Mass Casualty Incident Triage

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We bring you pearls from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) 2017 Scientific Assembly.

We cover in-flight emergencies, need for contrast enhanced CT scans, bronchiolitis and sucrose for infants

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We bring you pearls from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) 2017 Scientific Assembly.

Pearls on H. Pylori from: It's Alimentary - Poo-Pourri of Conditions From the Mouth to Rectum - Dr. Adebayo, Dr. Batra, Dr. Bavokek

Emerging Infections: Zika and Its Friends - Dr. Joan Noelker

High Yield Toxicology - Dr Erickson, Dr Traub, Dr. Perrone

We cover top pearl from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Scientific Assembly 2017.

Dr. Michael Winters - Critical Care Updates

Dr. Tim Horeczko - Pediatric Pitfalls

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover some high yield, important, or frequently discussed recent articles.

Antibiotics and abscesses - Daum et al

FAST in hemodynamically stable patients -  Holmes et al

Haloperidol in gastroparesis - Roldan et al and Ramirez et al

Ignoring PERC - Buchanan et al

Steroids in non-asthma/COPD lower respiratory tract infections - Hay et al

Gender pay gap persists in academic EM (and it's not due to hours, rank, or roles) - Madsen et al

We review this blog post by Bryan Hayes, an ED pharmacist (@PharmERToxGuy), on the use of physostigmine in anticholinergic toxicity.

We then review anticholinergic toxidrome using Rosen's, Tintinalli's, and Goldfrank's as a guide.

Thanks for listening!

Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We review gastroparesis treatment with haloperidol including a recent study by Ramirez and colleagues. This study had significant methodologic limitations but provides some interesting insight into a practice that many providers have adopted - using haloperidol for gastroparesis. A tiny RCT by Roldan and colleagues also looked at this practice and found promising results, although the study was very small.  Haloperidol has also been used in cannabinoid hyperemesis but literature on this is limited to case reports/series.

We also cover core content on biliary pathology using Tintinalli and Rosen's as guides.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We review recent discussions on the accuracy of cuff blood pressures including a meta-analysis Picone et al published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology discussing the accuracy of cuff blood pressures.

We cover core content on hypertensive emergencies and asymptomatic markedly elevated blood pressure using the ACEP clinical policy on hypertension, Rosen's (9th ed) Chapter 74 "Hypertension," and Tintinalli (8th ed),  Chapter  57 “Systemic Hypertension” Chapter 59 “Aortic Dissection and Related Aortic Syndromes” as guides

Show notes on FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren WEstafer

We cover Free Open Access Medical Education on opioids.

• The Poison Review podcast reviews papers on the opioid epidemic, including a paper by Rudd et al demonstrating an increase in opioid-related deaths over the past five years as well as the following paper by Shah and colleagues.
• The Dantastic Mr. Tox and Howard, a new podcast on the scene, also covers multiple topics on opioids, including common misconceptions of tramadol.

Then we cover core content on opioid overdose and withdrawal using Rosen's Emergency Medicine (9th ed) Chapter 156 and Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (8th ed), Chapter 186 as a guide.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We are in Berlin for #dasSMACC and have lots of pearls to share from the speakers at this amazing conference.  Talks will be released for free on the SMACC podcast over the next year, but this podcast holds some pearls that we thought couldn't wait.

We cover...

One of the major themes of #dasSMACC has been - we are more overconfident in our knowledge, skills, ability, and good behavior than we actually demonstrate. We cover the Dunning-Kruger effect and how to help combat the notion that "this happens to other people, not me." 

Drs. Jacob Avila and Ben Smith on Airway Ultrasound

Dr. James Rippey on Point of Care Ultrasound Incidental Findings

Dr. Jack Iwashyna on Critical Care Prognosis

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We are in Berlin for #dasSMACC and have lots of pearls to share from the speakers at this amazing conference.  Talks will be released for free on the SMACC podcast over the next year, but this podcast holds some pearls that we thought couldn't wait.

We cover...

Dr. Leanne Harnett on Pulmonary Embolism with Right Heart Thrombus (PE with RHT)

Dr. Michele Domico on Pediatric Cardiology Emergencies

Dr. Haney Mallemat (@CriticalCareNow) on Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) during Cardiac Arrest

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We deliver pearls from the first day of #dasSMACC in Berlin.

We cover talks by Dr. Brian Burns on trauma, Dr. David Carr on endocarditis, Dr. Paul Young on statistics, and Dr. Jess Mason on sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis.

Check out foamcast.org for show notes and pictographic summaries.

Thanks for listening and for the Rosh Review for sending us!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We interrupt our normal core content for this update:

Texting amongst medical professionals is ubiquitous; however, given patient privacy laws, many wonder, what is permissible?

We discuss a recent article in JAMA by Brian Drolet on this very topic as well as some basic professionalism pearls.

Show notes at FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening,

Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We cover FOAM on the WOMAN trial of tranexamic acid (TXA) in post-partum hemorrhage including BroomeDocs, EMlitofnote, and The Bottom Line

Then we delve into core content on non-pregnant vaginal bleeding using Rosen's and Tintinalli's as a guide.

Show notes are available at FOAMcast.org

Thanks for listening!
Lauren Westafer & Jeremy Faust

We cover Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM) from a recent Emergency Medicine Cases podcast and First10inEM blog post by Dr. Justin Morganstern regarding urinary tract infections (UTIs).   This podcast and blog tackle common issues in UTI diagnosis and treatment, including the following points:

• UTI is a clinical diagnosis, a dirty urine does not mean the patient has a UTI
• Urinalyses are more complicated to interpret than we probably understand

Then we cover core content from Rosen’s Emergency Medicine (8th ed), Chapter 99; Tintialli's Emergency Medicine (8th ed), Chapter 91; IDSA Guidelines for Treatment and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

 A recent study in Academic Emergency Medicine by Hughes and colleagues, looks at the potential clinical relevance of having emergency physicians sign ECGs read "normal" by the computer software.  FOAM reviews of this article can be found here:

• Dr. Smith's ECG blog
• Emergency Medicine Literature of Note
• REBEL EM

Then we review ischemia on ECGs, including STEMIs as well as a dive into ischemic T waves

Check out FOAMcast.org for more show notes and images.

Thanks for listening!

Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We cover an episode of The Skeptic's Guide to Emergency Medicine that covers a validation study of the Step by Step approach to pediatric fever.  This approach to infants with a fever <3 months old is alluring as it does not necessitate a lumbar puncture.  This algorithm had a better sensitivity and negative predictive value than the Rochester criteria.   The approach did miss some infants with a serious bacterial infection and these tended to be those between 21 and 28 days old and those with fever onset <2 hours prior to arrival. 

We cover Chapter 116 in Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine (8th ed) and Rosen's on pediatric fever.

Visit FOAMcast.org for more information and thanks for listening!

-Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover a post from the fantastic St. Emlyn's team which breaks down a recently published article in Annals of Emergency Medicine comparing diazepam with placebo in patients with acute low back pain.  We recommend you read the full text of the article by Friedman et al.

We delve into core content on red flags in back pain and spinal epidural abscess using Rosen's Emergency Medicine and Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Chapter 279 as a guide.

visit FOAMcast.org for show notes and more information.

Thanks for listening!
Lauren Westafer and Jeremy Faust

We cover Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM) on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN).  Recent interes

The American College of Radiology (ACR) Manual on Contrast Induced Nephropathy

This Emergency Medicine Literature of Note post covers the AMACING  trial, which looks at intravenous fluid administration (0.9% NaCl) versus usual care in patients "at risk" for CIN undergoing contrast-enhanced CT scan.   The study found a difference of -0.1% (95% CI -2.25 to 2.06), which was below the non-inferiority margin. Prior literature shows similar results, with no clear-cut efficacy from prevention strategies for CIN.

This post by Dr. Joel Topf (nephrologist @kidneyboy) on the Precious Bodily Fluids blog discusses a nephrologist's take on CIN.

EM topics post on fluids in CIN.

Core Content

We then delve into core content on genitourinary trauma using Rosen’s Chapter 47 and Tintinalli’s Chapter265 as a guide.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

Ultrasound is gaining popularity in assisting lumbar punctures (LPs). We review this technique as well as Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM) from the following sites:  5 Min Sono, Sinai EM, and PEM pearls from ALiEM.

We then delve into core content on meningitis, encephalitis, and antiNMDA receptor encephalitis using Rosen's Chapter 109 and Tintinalli's Chapters 117 and 174 as a guide.

Thanks for listening!

Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer

We cover FOAM on transvenous pacing from Ultrasound Podcast, Dr. Jason Nomura, and Dr. Al Sachetti

Then, we delve into basics on bradycardias using Rosen's Emergency Medicine and Tintinalli's as a guide.

Thanks for listening!
Jeremy Faust and Lauren Westafer